"Increased exposure to same-race teachers is associated with improved course grades, attendance, grit and self-management, and the likelihood of being selected for gifted-and-talented programs," FutureEd's report says.

Context matters. What works in one district may not work in another and outcomes often belie the claims of even the best-intentioned providers.

Individuals without a bachelor's degree can now train to become a teacher in Arizona while finishing their degree. But experts warn that filling vacancies has to be strategic.

More engaging summer school programs and the return of field trips were two key initiatives that emerged as Bibb County Schools decided how to spend the latest round of COVID relief funds.