Unknowns include how many students are being identified for special education, how many students are awaiting services and whether underqualified teachers are filling vacancies.

The online school started as a pandemic-related experiment — an outgrowth of distance learning that started in March 2020.

Issued amid a lawsuit brought by a parent who left the community, the determination could pose a significant challenge to Hasidic Jewish schools.

How to keep teachers in the profession is clear, yet those in power outside of the classroom are dictating educators' decisions.